Surely you ever again when browsing the Internet continues to exist in the web writing block blllaaaa ole .. blaa .. blaa .., make 
1. Go to site http://www.freewebproxy.net/
2. Then copy and paste the site address> Click "GO", which was blocked by an Internet Provider, or ISP you use
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What is internetworking?
Internetworking is the process and methodology used to connect multiple independent networks, regardless of their distance.
Internetwork or Internet----Multiple independent networks that are connected and can share remote resources.
Networking----Networking is the process and methodology applied to connect multiple computers (or other devices), so that they are able to exchange information. Network: A set of interconnected computers (or other devices) sharing resources.
Middleware----Middleware is a layer of software between client and server processes. This software provides services such as identification, authentication, authorization, directories, and security.
Software: A term used in computing to refer to programs or applications.
Hardware: A term used in computing to refer to physical parts or equipment.
Main Components Of The Computer
• Motherboard or mainboard
• CPU
• Memory (RAM)
• Case, power supply
• Floppy disk drive (FDD)
• Hard disk drive (HDD)
• CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW or DVD-ROM
• Keyboard, mouse
• Serial port, parallel port, USB port
• Video card, monitor
• Sound card, speakers
• Network card
• Modem
What Can A Computer Understand?
Computer cannot understand human language (English, French, German, Chinese, Arabic or Italian etc).
Computer can only understand two things:
Voltage----(Current flowing through the wires -> 1)
No Voltage----(No current flowing through the wires -> 0)
Computer can only understand machine language i.e. combination of 0’s and 1’s. Human language is coded into combination of 0’s and 1’s by the Keyboard, so computer can understand human instructions. Most common coding scheme is called ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange).
Overview of Networks
A communication network is an interconnection of numerous network elements, which are required to transfer voice, data, and video traffic between users. It is the network that connects the end user to virtually anywhere in the world through the use of coaxial cable, copper twisted-pair cable, fibre-optic cable, and through wireless technology such as microwave or satellite. Examples of communication networks are telephone networks; telegraph networks, radio and television broadcast networks, computer networks, cellular telephone networks and the Internet.
Telecommunications and Information Technology have been converging for the past few years. However, there is a much closer interrelationship between both at present than at any time in the past. This convergence is changing the way; carriers will carry voice, data and video signal.
Information Technology has provided new networked applications and made extensive changes to corporate needs, human life style and leisure. These networked applications are video conferencing, file transfer, world wide web browsing, electronic mail, financial transactions, database access and voice over the Internet protocol (VOIP).
This led to a massive growth of the Internet and huge bandwidth demand from customers. It resulted in the need to re-architect the traditional and oldest communication network called Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). Carriers are now using new technologies to carry voice, data, and integrated services, which can also interoperate with the existing PSTN infrastructure.
Now days, communication networks enable organisations to build their networks on the basis of Local Area Networks (LANs) or/and Wide Area Networks (WANs), to satisfy their communication demands. It is arguable that the very terms “Telecommunications” and “Information Technology” are losing their relevance as separate identities. It is expected that these fields will become virtually indistinguishable in the near future.
Types of Networks
A network is an interconnection of computers, network devices, printers and software through a transmission media. These networks are of different shapes and sizes. Network administrators usually classify networks according to their geographical size. Networks are predominately classified as:
Local Area Networks (LANs)
A local area network (LAN) comprises a group of computers and network communication devices interconnected within a limited geographically area, such as a building or a campus (neighbouring buildings). LANs have the following characteristics:
Wide Area Networks (WANs)
A wide area network (WAN) interconnects different LANs across the world. A WAN allows communications within a state, a country, or anywhere else in the world.
WANs are characterized by the following:
WANs can be further classified into the following two categories:
Enterprise WANs: An enterprise WAN interconnects the widely separated communication resources of a single organization. An organization with several offices at distant sites can setup an enterprise WAN to interconnect these offices. An enterprise WAN comprises private and commercial network services, but it is designed exclusively for communications within a particular organization.
Global WANs: A global WAN interconnects networks of various corporations or organizations across the world.
Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)
A Metropolitan area network (MAN) allows interconnection of LANs within boundaries of a Metropolitan. MAN usually interconnects networks within an area of 50 Km. An example of a MAN is data backup or data transfer between two campuses of a University through a telephone cable. These days MANs are overshadowed by WANs.
An example of LAN and WAN interconnection is shown in the following figure:
In an effort to improve the security of computer network, most likely an organization will implement some of the computer network security technology, such as firewall, IDS and IPS. All business is conducted so that the computer network security has become more assured. However, with the number of computer network equipment that is implemented, it will be more and more equipment and also products that need to be managed. Management will be starting from the configuration of equipment to suit your needs.
Some of the products concerned with network security system, including: Network Security, Server, and some telecommunications equipment lainnya.Produk-technology products provide the network security solution network security and computer also with accesoriesnya in accordance with the request and your needs. As a benchmark for refrerensi products and the need to better identify all network security solutions and data security, you can mengunjunginya here.
Besides, the company that wants to build a network of both human factors need to empower staff, particularly information technology. Not enough just to build the network, but it also needs to build a special team to secure a network that has the certification that is the basis or foundation for individuals seeking a career in network support Technologi information.
2-what makes the internet work?
The unique thing about the Internet is that it allows many different computers to connect and talk to each other. This is possible because of a set of standards, known as protocols, that govern the transmission of data over the network: TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). Most people who use the Internet aren't so interested in details related to these protocols. They do, however, want to know what they can do on the Internet and how to do it effectively.
The Client/Server Model:
The most popular Internet tools operate as client/server systems. You're running a program called a Web client. This piece of software displays documents for you and carries out your requests. If it becomes necessary to connect to another type of service--say, to set up a Telnet session, or to download a file--your Web client will take care of this, too. Your Web client connects (or "talks") to a Web server to ask for information on your behalf.
The Web server is a computer running another type of Web software which provides data, or "serves up" an information resource to your Web client.
All of the basic Internet tools--including Telnet, FTP, Gopher, and the World Wide Web--are based upon the cooperation of a client and one or more servers. In each case, you interact with the client program and it manages the details of how data is presented to you or the way in which you can look for resources. In turn, the client interacts with one or more servers where the information resides. The server receives a request, processes it, and sends a result, without having to know the details of your computer system, because the client software on your computer system is handling those details.
The advantage of the client/server model lies in distributing the work so that each tool can focus or specialize on particular tasks: the server serves information to many users while the client software for each user handles the individual user's interface and other details of the requests and results.
The Use of Local Clients:
Every computer should be equipped with basic client software packages that allow you to perform functions such as electronic mail, Telnet, Gopher, and FTP.
Network News (sometimes referred to as Usenet News) is a service comprised of several thousand electronic discussions providing users an effective way to share information with others on just about any topic.
If you're unclear about the concept of Network News, it's helpful to think about a bulletin
board that you might see on campus.
Here, one might find posted messages advertising a futon for sale, asking for students to join a math study group. In the newsgroup environment, the same kind of process take place:
User X may access a newsgroup on a particular topic and post a message, question, or respond to a previously posted message, and anyone accessing that newsgroup would then be able to see User X's message.
Network News newsgroups provide this same kind of forum online, where users have access to the messages posted by all other users of that newsgroup.
Network News has been described as an "international meeting place" where you're likely to find a discussion going on just about anything.
How Does Network News work?
Messages posted on Network News newsgroups are sent from host computer to host computer all over the world, using the network news transfer protocol.
Because Network News newsgroups are located on one server, Network News is a very efficient way to share information that might otherwise be disseminated to several individual users.
This way, several people can read a given newsgroup message, but the host system stores only one copy of it.
Newsgroups: What's in a Name?
As mentioned before, Network News is essentially made up of newsgroups, each newsgroup a collection of messages focusing on a related theme.
You can probably find a newsgroup on any topic, no matter how arcane or bizarre.
A newsgroup's name gives you a good idea of that group's focus, and also illustrates the hierarchical naming scheme given to newsgroups.
Newsgroups with the prefix comp, for example, are for computer-related topics.
After the initial prefix, you'll see an additional series of names assigned to the newsgroup that tell its specific concern: Note the following examples:
comp.mac.performa for "computers--macintosh--performas"
rec.auto.antique for "recreation--autos--antiques"
alt.backrubs for "alternative--backrubs"
soc.culture.japan for "social--culture--japan"
Remote Login & File Transfer:
Introduction to telnet:
Telnet is the protocol used to establish a login session on a remote computer on the network. While many computers on the Internet require users to have authorization, others are open to the public and can be logged onto with telnet. Telnet is not a method to transfer files from one machine to another, but rather is a way to remotely connect to another system with priveleges to run specific programs on that system. Some uses of the Telnet protocol include:
connecting to a library catalog to search that library's collection connecting to a location that allows public priveleges to search its campus information system connecting to a location that gives you an up-to-the minute weather report
Basic Telnet Commands
open - establishes a connection to the specified host.close - closes an open connection and leaves you in the telnet software quit - closes any open telnet sessions and exits the telnet software. When using a telnet program like NCSA Telnet, you invoke these commands by way of pull-down menus or command keys.
For some printer (actually print device) models, the manufacturer does not package the drivers so that they can be installed as Additional Drivers on a print server. This is the case for many of the less expensive bubble jet, inkjet and multi-function (e.g. scanner/fax/printer) models. The manufacturers deem these to be "personal" printers for use only on the computer to which they are physically connected (parallel, USB or serial port). The manufacturer often says that printing over the network is "not supported" for these models.
If you attempt to install the drivers for these models as Additional Drivers (see for example Install Additional Driver on older OS), you will get some kind of an error or a request for the driver that can not be satisfied no matter what you do.
Unfortunately, there are some models that can not be used over the network because the print device and printer driver have to be in bi-directional communication throughout the printing process. The manufacturer's documentation does not always make this requirement apparent, although there may be FAQs or other documents on the manufacturer's web site that state this.
Except for those models discussed in the previous paragraph, you can bypass this problem by adding the printer as a local printer on the client computer and associating the printer with a network printer port (i.e. re-direct it to the printer share on the print server). No harm will be done by trying this approach if it doesn't work, so it's usually worth a try.
Here's how to install a printer locally and re-direct it to a network printer port. These instructions are written for Windows XP This technique does work with Windows Vista, 2008, 2003, 2000, and Windows 98 (they may work with Windows 95 and ME also), but the dialogs are a bit different, so you may have to read between the lines.
Logon at the client computer with a user account that has administrative rights and permissions on the client computer.
Click Start, Printers and Faxes
Right click in an empty space in the right pane and select Add Printer
Click Next
Select the Local Printer… radio button, remove the check mark from Automatically detect and install my Plug and Play printer; click Next
Select the Create a new port: radio button; from the Type of port: drop down list, select Local Port; click Next
In the Enter a port name: text box, key exactly the UNC name of the network printer; click OK
Selecting the appropriate entries from the Manufacturer and Printers columns or click the Have Disk button as appropriate
Follow through the rest of the Add Printer wizard; when you get to the Name Your Printer panel, either accept the default, or key the name you want this printer to be known by on this computer.
